abstract：BACKGROUND:Women in developing countries often continue their agricultural work during late pregnancy. Whether this adversely affects birthweight is not clear from previous studies as few controlled for confounding factors. This study seeks to clarify this issue. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study investigated 95...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lima M,Ismail S,Ashworth A,Morris SS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Knowing the starting date of the BSE epidemic and its size at the very beginning is crucial to interpret the timing of the nvCJD cases and to forecast the nvCJD epidemic. The first cases occurred in 1985. The models devised by Anderson (back-calculation) and Dealler (age-period-cohort) led to an estimate of ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cohen CH,Valleron AJ

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this research was to determine the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier prevalence among cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the population attributable risk of HBsAg carriage for HCC, by ethnicity in New Zealand. METHODS:The hospital notes of HCC cases registered with the New Zea...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blakely TA,Bates MN,Baker MG,Tobias M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Infant mortality rates vary substantially among municipalities in the State of Ceará, from 14 to 193 per 1000 live births. Identification of the determinants of these differences can be of particular importance to infant health policy and programmes in Brazil where local governments play a pivotal role in pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Terra de Souza AC,Cufino E,Peterson KE,Gardner J,Vasconcelos do Amaral MI,Ascherio A

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evaluation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategies requires an on-going follow up of the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users (IDU) duri...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hernández-Aguado I,Aviño MJ,Pérez-Hoyos S,González-Aracil J,Ruiz-Pérez I,Torrella A,García de la Hera M,Belda F,Fernández E,Santos C,Trullen J,Fenosa A

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Age-adjusted liver cancer mortality rates have been increasing for both men and women in Japan since 1970; however, increases in mortality rates in men are much greater than those in women. Hepatitis C virus infections and heavy alcohol consumption are considered to be the major risk factors of liver cancer ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Makimoto K,Higuchi S

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous evidence from the Alameda County Study indicated that residential area has an independent effect on risk for mortality, adjusting for a variety of important individual characteristics. The current research examined the effect of poverty area residence on risk for developing depressive symptoms and d...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Yen IH,Kaplan GA

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increases in measles antibodies without rash-illnesses have been documented in previously vaccinated children exposed to measles cases. The phenomenon has been incompletely evaluated in young unvaccinated infants with immunity of maternal origin. METHODS:Monthly cohorts of newborns were prospectively random...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bennett J,Whittle H,Samb B,Cisse B,Simondon F,Aaby P

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Short stature has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the reason for the association remains unclear. Data on the relation between stature and stroke is more limited. We examined the association between stature and CHD as well as between stature and stroke in men ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Parker DR,Lapane KL,Lasater TM,Carleton RA

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine age- and sex-specific mortality rates and trends in water traffic accidents (WTA), and their association with alcohol, in Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS:National mortality and population data from Finland, 1969-1995, are used to analyse rates and trends. The mortality rates are calculated on the b...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lunetta P,Penttilä A,Sarna S

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS:Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Venetz I,Schopfer K,Mühlemann K

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and sunlamp use is examined in a Caucasian population in Connecticut, United States. METHODS:Cases were diagnosed between 15 January 1987 and 15 May 1987 with a first primary cutaneous melanoma. Controls were obtained from the general population, frequen...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chen YT,Dubrow R,Zheng T,Barnhill RL,Fine J,Berwick M

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal mortality from complications of unsafe abortion constitutes a serious problem in several developing countries. There is, however, a paucity of well-designed and implemented studies in this area, especially in Latin America. The aim of this paper is to present the findings on the determinants and med...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Misago C,Fonseca W,Correia L,Fernandes LM,Campbell O

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the predictive value of biological and clinical events for progression to AIDS (1993 European classification) when the CD4+ cell count falls below 200/microL (CD4 threshold) in different exposure groups. To investigate whether such markers remain predictive independently of the serum HIV-1 RNA leve...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Carré N,Boufassa F,Hubert JB,Chavance M,Rouzioux C,Goujard C,Laurian Y,Meyer L

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased brain tumour risk after head trauma suggested by case reports and clinical series has been previously studied epidemiologically with mixed results. An international multicentre case-control study investigated the role of head trauma from injury or sports participation in adult brain tumour risk. M...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Preston-Martin S,Pogoda JM,Schlehofer B,Blettner M,Howe GR,Ryan P,Menegoz F,Giles GG,Rodvall Y,Choi NW,Little J,Arslan A

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that cotinine is a better predictor of birthweight than the number of cigarettes smoked in pregnancy. In this paper we test this hypothesis and use cotinine to explore the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on birthweight. METHODS:In all, 1254 white women were interviewed ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Peacock JL,Cook DG,Carey IM,Jarvis MJ,Bryant AE,Anderson HR,Bland JM

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) soluble antigen (MLSA) reagents have been developed with the aim of finding a reagent, comparable to tuberculin, which could identify individuals infected with the leprosy bacillus. They have yet to be evaluated fully in human populations. METHODS:More than 15000 individuals...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sterne JA,Fine PE,Pönnighaus JM,Rees RJ,Chavula D

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A number of studies have reported that increased consumption of natural products reduced the risk of cancer. Our previous case-control studies have shown a significant reduction in the risk of cancer development among those who regularly consumed ginseng. We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Yun TK,Choi SY

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the associations of lifestyle factors with waist circumference 'Action Levels', hip circumference and body mass index. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 5887 men and 7018 women aged 20-59 years, selected from the civil registries of Amsterdam, Maastricht and Doetinchem, The Netherla...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Han TS,Bijnen FC,Lean ME,Seidell JC

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prolonged breastfeeding in developing countries is routinely recommended as a valuable and cost-effective public health measure to promote early childhood growth. However, the effects of breastfeeding beyond 12 months are unclear, with some studies showing positive, and some showing negative effects. The rol...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Onyango A,Koski KG,Tucker KL

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The study examines whether self-rated health forms a continuum from poor through average to good health in terms of two groups of health-related variables. METHODS:The data come from the 1994 Finnish Survey on Living Conditions, a representative sample of Finnish men and women aged 25 years or older (n = 72...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Manderbacka K,Lahelma E,Martikainen P

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schaubel DE,Morrison HI,Desmeules M,Parsons D,Fenton SS

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality from smoking-related diseases in women is increasing worldwide. Studies comparing hazards associated with smoking in women and men based on a sufficient number of heavy smokers of both genders are lacking. METHODS:We used pooled data from three prospective population studies conducted in Copenhage...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Prescott E,Osler M,Andersen PK,Hein HO,Borch-Johnsen K,Lange P,Schnohr P,Vestbo J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent communications have argued that often it may not be appropriate to analyse cross-sectional studies of prevalent outcomes with logistic regression models. The purpose of this communication is to compare three methods that have been proposed for application to cross sectional studies: (1) a multiplicati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Skov T,Deddens J,Petersen MR,Endahl L

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Two recent much cited publications have raised the concern that risk associated with cigarette smoking has so far been underestimated. In this study we wish to determine whether excess all-cause mortality associated with smoking has increased during the last 20-30 years in a study population representative o...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Prescott E,Osler M,Andersen PK,Bjerg A,Hein HO,Borch-Johnsen K,Lange P,Schnohr P,Vestbo J

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In large-scale epidemiological studies of stillbirths and neonatal deaths a method is needed to replace detailed medical record audits in order to determine the cause of death. METHODS:A computer-based method is presented for determination of the cause of death in stillbirths and in neonatal deaths. It util...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Winbo IG,Serenius FH,Dahlquist GG,Källen BA

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections and to determine sexual and demographic correlates for these sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among visitors of an STD clinic. METHODS:In 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 2984 consecutive ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Van Duynhoven YT,van de Laar MJ,Schop WA,Mouton JW,van der Meijden WI,Sprenger MJ

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol use is associated with breast cancer in many epidemiological studies. Most, however, have measured risk from recent consumption patterns, and only a few include analyses for duration of drinking or age that a woman started to drink. The authors studied the effect of these variables, as well as of rec...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bowlin SJ,Leske MC,Varma A,Nasca P,Weinstein A,Caplan L

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA) evaluates the rates of diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological disorders in a random sample of 5632 Italians aged 65-84 years. METHODS:The ILSA has two components: a first screening phase administered to all participants, that includes a personal interview, p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors：

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:If several risk factors for disease are considered in a regression model and these factors are affected by measurement errors, the observed relative risk will be attenuated. In nutritional epidemiology, several nutrient variables show strong correlation, described as collinearity. The observed relative risk ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Elmståhl S,Gullberg B

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genital herpes infection is life-long and may result in painful and recurrent genital lesions, systemic complications, serious psychosocial morbidity, and rare but serious outcomes in neonates born to infected women, including permanent neurological handicap and death. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is the principal cau...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Brugha R,Keersmaekers K,Renton A,Meheus A

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many European countries have in recent decades reported growing socioeconomic differentials in mortality. While these trends have usually paralleled high unemployment and increasing income disparities, Sweden had low unemployment and narrowing income differences. This study describes trends, 1961-1990, in to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Diderichsen F,Hallqvist J

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to analyse misclassification of height, weight and body mass index (BMI), derived from mail questionnaires, and its dependency on socioeconomic factors. METHODS:A random sample of 4442 adults aged 18-84 years, living in Stockholm county, Sweden, were in 1984-1985 asked about th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Boström G,Diderichsen F

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the effect of hysterectomy on subsequent risk of cancer among 25,382 hysterectomized and a similar number of non-hysterectomized control women, registered in 1963-1976 in the Mass Screening Registry (MSR). METHODS:Cancer cases were obtained from...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Luoto R,Auvinen A,Pukkala E,Hakama M

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased mortality is associated with both very low and very high ambient temperatures. This study assesses the relationship between daily numbers of deaths and variations in ambient temperature within the city of Valencia. METHODS:The daily number of deaths from all causes (total deaths and only those occ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ballester F,Corella D,Pérez-Hoyos S,Sáez M,Hervás A

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational hygiene panels are increasingly being used to rate retrospective occupational exposures to chemicals in community-based studies. This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability and feasibility of using such an expert panel in a brain tumour case-control study. METHODS:A panel of five exper...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Benke G,Sim M,Forbes A,Salzberg M

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies indicate that cancers of the salivary gland are increasing, and the factors responsible for the increase are unknown. Artefactual changes, such as shift in classifying cancers of the floor of the mouth to cancers of the salivary gland, could affect the time trend for salivary gland cancer. ME...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zheng T,Holford TR,Chen Y,Ward B,Liu W,Flannery J,Boyle P

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Child feeding recommendations include breastfeeding beyond 12 months, however, some researchers have reported increased rates of malnutrition in breastfed toddlers. A negative association between growth and breast-feeding may reflect reverse causality; that is, the outcome (growth) is a determinant of the pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marquis GS,Habicht JP,Lanata CF,Black RE,Rasmussen KM

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pneumococcal infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly people. Protection against pneumococcal infections is mediated by serotype-specific antibodies to capsular polysaccharides. To obtain an estimate of anti-pneumococcal immunity, prevalence and levels of pneumococcal antibodies...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sankilampi U,Isoaho R,Bloigu A,Kivelä SL,Leinonen M

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although cigarette smoking is considered to be the most important cause of lung cancer, smoking behaviour cannot fully explain the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Taiwanese women, who rarely smoke but contract lung cancer relatively often. There are other causes of lung cancer that have pro...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ko YC,Lee CH,Chen MJ,Huang CC,Chang WY,Lin HJ,Wang HZ,Chang PY

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00